Tinjauan Ideologi Islamisme dalam Terang Gagasan Masyarakat Terbuka Karl Popper

Abstract

This paper describes the ideology of Islamism, Karl Popper's idea of an open society, and the relevance of Popper's idea of an open society to criticism of the ideology of Islamism. Popper’s concept of the open society is relevant to the critique of Islamism because it emphasizes critical rationality, openness, pluralism, freedom, and the rejection of ideological absolutism. In Popper’s perspective, a society is considered “open” when its citizens have the freedom to think critically, challenge authority, and live within diversity without the imposition of a single ideology. In contrast, Islamism is often viewed as tending toward a closed society because it is supported by several major ideological characteristics, namely claims of absolute truth, binary categorizations of right and wrong friend and enemy, and construction of a closed identity. In his concept of the open society, Popper criticizes every ideology that claims to process absolute truth and rejects criticism, dialogue, and pluralism. This idea is relevant for criticizing Islamism because Islamism tends to position a particular interpretation of Islam as the primary foundation of the state and society, resulting in restrictions on freedom of thought, diversity, and individual rights in order to preserve a religious order considered absolute. For Popper, the open society represents an ideal condition because it is receptive to criticism, change, and differences of opinion, whereas a system that is resistant to criticism and imposes a single ideology has the potential to give rise to authoritarianism. Therefore, the concept of the open society serves as an important framework for criticizing the anti-pluralist and dogmatic tendencies of Islamism without rejecting Islam as a religion. The implication of this analysis is the importance of safeguarding democracy, pluralism, and critical thinking so that religion, social systems, and particular ideologies do not develop into radicalism and authoritarianism.